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The Jakarta Post
June 18, 2003

U.S. questions RI's will to prosecute rights cases

A'an Suryana, The Jakarta Post, Jakarta

The United States has expressed concern over Indonesia's apparent lack of
will to prosecute military personnel implicated in past human rights abuses,
saying it would hamper the democracy that has flourished in the country
since 1998.

U.S. Ambassador to Indonesia Ralph L. Boyce told a seminar here on Tuesday
that the failure of the military to take responsibility for human rights
violations in East Timor, Aceh, Papua and the May 1998 riots in Jakarta was
one of
the major challenges of democracy in the world's fifth most populous country.

"I believe this (military accountability) is a must not only to build trust
in the Indonesian Military, but to boost international confidence in democracy
in Indonesia," Boyce told participants of the seminar titled "Indonesia
heading to Genuine Democracy: Opportunities and Challenges."

The ad hoc Human Rights Court has sentenced three military officers to
between three and six years in jail without immediate imprisonment for their
involvement in the East Timor mayhem in 1999. The court, however, has
acquitted 13
others due to lack of evidence.

The court also failed to touch former Indonesian Military (TNI) chief Gen.
(ret) Wiranto, who was in charge of security when the violence took place.

Washington imposed an arms embargo on Indonesia following the widespread
atrocities that followed an overwhelming vote for independence in the former
Indonesian province.

Boyce said that in a democratic country, the military must be held
responsible for all of its actions.

Regarding civilian control over the military, Boyce praised Indonesia for
ending the military's role in politics as stipulated by the People's
Consultative
Assembly last year.

Law enforcement is the next challenge that faces democracy in Indonesia,
according to Boyce, who said the country must create a transparent system
of law
to ensure that people get justice and that their rights are well-protected.

A clean government and good enforcement of law could assure the unity of
Indonesia, and it could also attract foreign investors to Indonesia.

"Currently, foreign investors shy away from Indonesia because they are afraid
that their contracts will not be honored by the Indonesian courts," said
Boyce.

Protection of minority groups is the third major challenge Indonesia is
facing in promoting democracy.

Boyce said that minority groups, whether in ethnicity or religion, had
suffered from violence in Maluku, Sulawesi and Kalimantan, where ethnic and
sectarian conflicts claimed thousands of lives a few years ago.

"Democracy has often been coined as 'power by the majority', but the biggest
challenge for democracy is actually that, whether the democracy can protect
the rights of the minority," said Boyce.

Speaking at the seminar, a political observer from Boston University, Robert
Hefner, warned that sectarian politics had returned to the political scene.
Such a trend, he said, would cause democracy to collapse if it was not
carefully
managed.

He said the reform movement in 1998 had helped encourage participation in
politics.

It was a good thing, he said. But, unfortunately, the rising passion to
participate in politics had been abused by certain political figures for
their own
purposes.

Hefner said that some political figures mobilized the grass roots by
exploiting biases, which could damage the process of democracy.

Sectarian conflicts in Maluku and Sulawesi were clear examples of how
irresponsible political figures had exploiting biases that polarized people.

People are divided across religious lines by such irresponsible figures, and
they fan the flames of dichotomy, which leads to escalating conflicts in the
regions, he said.

Hefner said that society should seek a common platform in order to curb the
potential evil of the trend.

This could be achieved through the establishment of interreligious fora, for
instance, where different people of different faiths could discuss differences
between them and find the "glue" that could keep them together.